During the Middle Ages, a French convent experienced an epidemic like no other – the nuns couldn’t stop acting like cats.. The behavior was so strange it caused an army to intervene. But it’s not the only time in history a plague like this has affected nuns – which makes many wonder if it’s the work of the devil himself.
Listen to HAUNTED: The Loudon Possessions here, or wherever you listen to podcasts!
An illustration from the 17th century depicting witches and their so-called familiars. Courtesy of New England Folklore.blogspot
Drawing of the possessed nuns at the convent of Saint-Ursule during the Loudun possessions. Courtesy of Mary Evans Picture Library
Image of Benjamin Guy Babington (left) and Johann Georg Ritter von Zimmermann (right) who studied the Meowing Nuns. Courtesy of Curious Archive and wikipedia
Babington’s translator note in Hecker’s ‘The Epidemics of the Middle Ages’ (1844), page 118. Courtesy of Archive.org
Episode Source Material
BOOKS
- A Colorful History of Popular Delusions (Overdrive edition), by Robert E. Bartholomew and Peter Hassall. Prometheus Books. 2015.
- Little Green Men, Meowing Nuns, and Head-Hunting Panics (first print edition), by Robert E. Bartholomew. McFarland & Company. 2001.
ACADEMIC PAPERS
- British Journal of Psychology (Volume 180, issue 4): Protean nature of mass psychogenic illness by Robert E Bartholomew and Simon Wessley.
- European Psychiatry (Volume 65, supplement 1): Psychogenic epidemic – mass hysteria phenomenon in Portugal by A Costa, S Jesus, M Almeida, and J Alcafache.
- European Psychiatry (Volume 64, supplement 1): The regulation of emotions: gender differences by I Delhom, JC Melendez, and E Satorrez.
WEB/SOCIAL MEDIA/MESSAGE BOARDS
- The murky truth about the meowing French nuns. (website).
- 10 strangest mass hysterias. (website).
- A bizarre case of mass hysteria. (website).
- Meowing, biting nuns. (blog post).
- The negative effects of social isolation. (website).
- Who did what in a Medieval monastery? (website).
- Familiar spirits and devilish imps. (website).
- Exorcism: facts and fiction about demonic possession. (online article).
- The Medieval era. (online article).
- Mass hysteria isn’t just a “panic” – what it means and why it happens. (online article).
- The Loudon affair: bizarre witch trials in France. (online article).
- Exorcism: abuse or cure? (online article).
- Headaches: reduce stress to prevent the pain. (website).
- Mass hysteria. (website).
- The Devil loves to capitalize on loneliness. But the Lord said, “fear not, for I am with you.” (online article).
- The daily life of Medieval nuns. (online article).
- Cambrai, France to Dour, 7370, Belgium. (Google maps directions).
- The Beguine convent Saint Vaast. (website).
- Cambrai, France to Loudun, 86200, France. (Google maps directions.)
- Loudun, 86200, France to Normandy, France to Cambrai, France. (Google maps directions).
- County of Horne. (Wikipedia article).
- Johann Weyer: the possession of the nuns at Wertet, 1550. (abstract).
- The devil in me: witchcraft and possession from 1550 to 1650 in France and Germany. (online article).
- Nun dies after convent exorcism. (online article).